Tacrolimus has become an integral part of the immunosuppressive therapy in renal  transplant patients. In clinical practice, physicians often face difficulties because of its  high pharmacokinetic variability, which is dependent on a bundle of different parameters. However, due to its narrow therapeutic window and relevant side effects, a regular and meticulous drug monitoring and dose adjustment of tacrolimus is necessary.

We herein aim to identify patients at risk to develop inferior (tacrolimus-associated) outcomes after transplantation.