Chronic kidney disease significantly promotes the development of vascular   calcification, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Especially in patients with  end-stage renal disease its incidence and prevalence are extremely high. Hence, kidney  patients are at risk for myocardial infarction, heart failure and cardiac death. It is not  surprising that cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death after kidney  transplantation. In order to reduce perioperative and postoperative morbidity and  mortality, patients applying for kidney transplantation need a careful CV risk  evaluation. Due to its different nature, it is therefore still a matter of debate how to  assess the CV  risk in kidney transplant candidates and to identify patients who may benefit from further testing or a coronary intervention prior to transplantation.

We  herein aim to optimize the evaluation of the transplant candidate as well as the allograft.